Modernity and Modern

The difference between modernity and modern is that modernity is a term that scholars used in the eighteenth-century. They used that term when they was talking about certain historical,cultural, and political conditions relating to the Enlightenment. Modernity is also associated with industrialization, human intervention in nature, and mass democracy. The term modern means present or recent times. A German scholar Jurgen Habermas explained that modern is when a culture is at it's present existence and it starts to see itself as a product. A product that transitions from a old era to a new era.

One of the topics Foucault's study for discourse was the concept of madness. In the nineteenth century psychiatry science was improved and medical definitions of madness was formed. The mentally ill also was consider to be influence by "folly". This term means a benign way of thinking. Foucault defined madness through the discourses of medicine,law, and education.

On page 101 and 102 they talk about the relationship of Gaze and Spectatorship. These terms are a natural instinct in the human element. Any type of art we look at or film we see, were engaging in these practices. Page 102 explain some of the concept practices that we might experience through spectatorship and gaze. The name of these concepts as follows, the roles of the unconscious and desire in viewing practices, looking in the formation of the human subject as such, and looking is always a relational activity and not simply a mental activity engaged by someone. By looking at these concept practices we can have a better understanding of what happens in the process of looking.